The working principle of the excavator is based on its complex hydraulic system and mechanical structure. The following is a basic overview of the working principle of excavators:
Hydraulic system:
The main power source of the excavator is the internal combustion engine, which generates high pressure hydraulic oil by driving the hydraulic pump. This hydraulic oil flows between the hydraulic cylinder and the motor, creating pressure and force. The control valve regulates the movement of the hydraulic cylinder and motor by controlling the direction and speed of the oil flow. This system allows various parts of the excavator, such as the hydraulic arm, rod and bucket, to move with high efficiency and accuracy.
Hydraulic arms and buckets:
The hydraulic arm is the core component of an excavator and is made up of multiple retractable arms and connected joints, similar to a human arm. Under the action of the hydraulic system, the hydraulic arm can swing up and down flexibly, while the hydraulic cylinder can make it expand or contract. The excavator's bucket (mining manipulator) is connected to the end of the arm, and its movement is controlled by the hydraulic system. The bucket can be opened and closed, rotated and tilted to facilitate digging, loading and dumping of materials.
Cockpit and control systems:
The driver is located in the cockpit of the excavator and controls the movement of the machine through joysticks, pedals and buttons. Various control elements are connected with the hydraulic system, and the driver can accurately adjust the action of the hydraulic arm and bucket to achieve precise operation.
Power source:
Excavators usually use diesel engines as their main power source. These engines provide power to drive the hydraulic system that enables the excavator to perform a variety of tasks.
In general, the working principle of excavators is realized through the efficient control of the hydraulic system and the flexible movement of the mechanical structure, which enables them to perform efficient and accurate work in construction, mining and other fields.
